Richard Avedon an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Richard Avedon Photography and painting are the same. Each renders imagination in tangible form. The difference is that painters can work completely from imagination, although most of us work from life as a starting point. Both can take lifetimes to master the tools to render imaginations exactly as we intend. (What is Photography?) Photography is a unique way to copy ones beauty, some memorable and happy moments and some many tragic incidents. Photography is a hard work. People think that only by pressing the flash button of a day light camera, they can easily and beautifully capture the most interesting moments. But when the results of those pictures come, they look ugly and the photographer is blamed for his non-professionalism. According to researchers and websites photography is the most hard and expensive course in the whole world. To teach and to learn photography is not a work of just interest but photography requires many things along interest such as concentration, interest and mind power such as handy techniques to handle a camera and capture beautiful scenes. Nowadays fashion photography is a demanded interest and it can be a way to earn handsome amount of money. Fashion photographers are in high demand nowadays in markets because today the world has moved so far that even to promote designs of a new ly open boutique or a market a separate fashion show is necessary. History has witnessed a human creature that was a great fashion photographer. The name of this famous fashion photographer was Richard Avedon. Need essay sample on "Richard Avedon" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed I have worked out of a series of numbers. No to exquisite light, no to apparent compositions, no to the seduction of poses or narrative. And all these numbers force me to the yes. I have a white background. I have the person I am interested in and the thing that happens between us. (Richard Avedon: Comments) Richard Avedon was born on May 1923 and died on October 1, 2004. Avedon was a fine photographer who started his career with photography and later moved on to the field on fine arts. Besides that he wrote many books regarding photography and fine arts. Avedon belonged to a Jewish-Russian family and was born in the New York City. He started his career from the Columbia University and later on he joined Merchant Marines as a photographer in the year 1942. He always photographed pictures by a Rollieflex camera gifted to him by his father. After two years in photography, in 1944 Alexey Brodovitch, who was the art director of the Harpers Bazaar Magazine, appointed him. Our Customers Usually Tell EssayLab support: Who wants to write paper for me? Specialists advise: Essay Help Provided Here With Beneficial Facilities! Written Essays For Sale Write My Paper For Me Reviews Pay to Get Assignments Done Essay Paper Writing Service Harpers Bazaar was a fashion magazine. After working in Harpers Bazaar he opened a separate studio of himself and later on he started selling his photographs to the magazines named Vogue and Life. Later on he was appointed as a chief photographer in the fashion magazine named Harpers Bazaar. But soon he left the job of Harpers Bazaar as he appointed by Vogue magazine to work under the capacity of a staff photographer. Along with his continuing fashion photography work, he also captured the scenes of patients residing in mental hospitals, drastic scenes of Vietnam War and the falling of the wall of Berlin. However Richard was a good photographer who carried or captured pictures of models with smiling faces, emotional faces and sometimes he also took and directed models according to the demand of the subject. During this period, Richard introduced a set of two interesting and attractive or beautiful portraits known as the Beatles. These were highly loved and appreciated by people. Rich ard when gained popularity from his photographic career he later made plans to switch over to fine arts. Avedon also loved to draw people growing in their teens and workers working in mines and in factories dealing with many tired faces and many clothes of those people who were wet in oil. He loved to put the shadow of his paintings towards the neglected people of the society. For this purpose many people helped him and soon in 1992 he was appointed as a first staff photographer in the New Yorker. After much of his success in 1993 he gained the International Center of Photography Master of Photography Award in 1993, and again in 1994 he won the Prix Nadar award for his photographic book Evidence and lastly he received the award ofRoyal Photographic Society 150th Anniversary Medal in 2003. As being a photographer none could succeed in equaling him even today because he was simply the best photographer of the century who is lost now but the world will ever remember him. Later on after his success in his career Richard married a very famous model named Dorcas Nowell who was later named as Doe Avedon in the fashion world. They got married in the year 1944 and soon after five years nearly in 1951 they got divorced and Richard married another woman. The name of that lady was Evylen Franklin. He also got separated with Franklin but they had one son named John. Avedon also had a nephew who was a martial arts super star whose name was Loren Avedon. In 1957, Hollywood presented a fictional movie on the account of his early career. The movie starred Fred Astaire as a fashion photographer named Dick Avery. For this purpose and the musical fictional production, Avedon supplied the producers with the image of Audrey Hepburns face only in which her best features which were he eyes, her eyebrows and her mouth are visible. In the late 1950s and 60s Avedon said about the unique and best portrait and about Hepburn that Hepburn has achieved in herself. No one can even thin of equaling her. She is an ultimate portrait and she is what she is in herself and no one can interpret her. She is a god-gifted creature who is the beauty of every camera. And if a day goes by without my doing something related to photography, it's as though I've neglected something essential to my existence, as though I had forgotten to wake up. I know that the accident of my being a photographer has made my life possible. (Richard Avedon: Comments) Some of the famous, most loved, adorable and most appreciative photographs of the career of Richard Avedon are: In 1955 he captured a model through his camera named Dovima with Elephants. Later on in 1957 he took the photo of a famous actress Marilyn Monroe. Following the fame of those lovely pictures he was also offered and requested to photograph the President of the United States in 1964. He photographed the US president known as Dwight David Eisenhower. Then in 1967 he painted a beautiful set of two beautiful portraits known as the Beatles. In 1973 he further photographed Sly Stones, which was the cover of Fresh Album and due to the picture and its beauty it was named as Sly Stone. Lastly in 1981 he painted his last famous picture, which was Nastassja Kinski and Serpent. Besides his work and accomplishments, people have many reviews about him. One of them is Richard Avedon is a man with many masks. "Richard Avedon is a man with many masks: the American creator of dashing commercial images; the magician behind the sleekest magazine pages of the day...the ruthless exposer of social and political flummery; the maverick storyteller who made titans of America's underclass and mixed them in among his pantheon of actors, writers, poets, politicians and artists." (Irving, n.p.) Besides his interest in painting and fine arts, he also wrote many books. Some of them are stated below. His first book named Observations was compiled in 1959 and his partner in this book was Truman Capote. This book contains portraits of famous people of the twentieth century. His second book was Nothing Personal, which was written in collaboration with James Baldwin and the third one is a famous fantasy storybook named Alice in Wonderland. Doon Arbus helped him writing this book. In 1976 he writes another book named Portraits whose editions include those portraits book of 1947, 1977 and 1978. His next book was In the American West, written in 1985 and after that he told his life story and his whole struggling period through pictures and captions along those pictures in a book named An Autobiography written in 1993. Those pictures contain photos of many famous celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe, Andy Warhol, Judy Garland and Avedons parents. In 1994 he wrote another book named Evidence which contains more than 600 images sketched and camera captured by Avedon. Those pictures contain those of fashion photgraphy, journalistic images, sketches, real or natural images, images which are unseen by most of the people, that part of the society which has been neglected and under estimated throuugh many inhuman acts. However the book contains many pictures, but it polishes Avedons essays and his visual basics more than the pcitur es or images. In 1999, he wrote a book named The Sixties, in which his co-author was Doon Arbus. The book contains images of many famous figures. In 2001, hid book named Made in France was launched which forwarded the shadow on all those images belonging to the early 50s. His next book is also similar like that as its name suggests Richard Avedons Portraits, 2002. This book contains all those portraits of 50s and 60s. His last book which was compiled by Anne Hollander after his death in 2005 was named Woman in the Mirror. Richard Avedon was a man of art. He accomplished himself in every field he chose for himself. He expertise in the fields of photography and fine arts. Later on he compiled books on and of his portraits. This great man counted his last breath on October 1st, 2004. He died through brain hemorrhage in Texas. The world would never forget his accomplishments and his work, his dedication and his spirit for art. Even now, he is a great inspiration for beginners in the fields of art and photography as he was the one of the ten famous photographs of the world. Photography has always reminded me of the second childtrying to prove it. The fact that it wasnt really considered an artthat it was considered a craft has trapped almost every serious photographer. (Richard Avedon quotes) Works Cited Irving Mark, Magazine Article Harsh Reality Telegraph Magazine, September 21, 2002 Richard Avedon quotes http://www.artquotes.net/masters/avedon/photography-quotes.htm Accessed, May 30, 2007 What is Photography? http://www.kenrockwell.com/tech/what-is-photography.htm Accessed, May 30, 2007

The Nanny Murder Case essays

The Nanny Murder Case essays Louise Woodward, a British Nanny, was hired in November of 1996 by Sunil and Deborah Eappen, for their sons, Matthew and Brendan. On February 4, 1997, the Massachusetts police received a phone call from Woodward stating that Matthew Eappen was having trouble breathing. When the paramedics examined Matthew, they said he had a 2-Â ½ inch skull fracture. His eyes were bulging, which is a sign of the shaken baby syndrome. Before Matthew Eappens death, he spent four days on life support. After the event, Woodward was jailed without bond. Supporters from Massachusetts and Britain argued that she should not have to stay in jail on grounds that she is a foreigner and did not understand the U.S. legal system. She was kept in a states womens prison and had to stay because prosecutors felt that she might flee the country if she was freed on bail. Prosecutors said that Woodward admitted to harming Matthew. They said she shook him, dropped him on the floor, and then tossed him on the bed in order to quiet the baby. Prosecutors argued that Woodward was so frustrated with Matthews uncontrollable crying, that she began to violently shake him to stop the crying. Medical examiners said that Matthew must have hit the floor with the force equivalent to a fall from a second-story window. Naturally the injuries from the fall along with the shaking caused Matthews death. Forensic expert, Barry Scheck, who took part in the O.J. Simpson trial, was recruited to help Woodwards defensive argument. The defense stated that a pre-existing medical condition might have killed Matthew, not the supposed mistreatment. The defense attempted to find genetic disorders that could have affected his bone strength and development or could have caused brain hemorrhages, by requesting DNA tests on Matthew. The defense also tried to put the blame on Matthewss two-year-old brother, B ...

Ethics and Morality of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethics and Morality of Business - Essay Example Career development programmes are not just altruistic pursuits. These are followed keeping the future human resource requirements in mind. Similar is the case with ethics. Given a level playing field, most organizations do not shy away from ethical behaviour. With the explosion of information and the communication revolution, the media plays a crucial role in building and tarnishing reputations of businesses. Hence, every organization tries to enhance its reputation among all its stakeholders. Ethics is a novel outlook for businesses that have single mindedly pursued the bottom line so far. Hence, there exists a twilight zone where business and ethics meet. In the modern world, differences are blurring and concepts are getting re-defined constantly. Business can reap benefits without compromising on basic human values. There is no need to give up on competitiveness to be morally right. Hence, it is possible to conduct business ethically, which is essentially a win-win situation. Conc epts Rationalism dictates that everything should be useful and justifiable. Utilitarianism and utility analysis as used by business vary significantly. When a firm uses a utility, it weighs the positive and negative consequences of a certain action as it relates to itself; and a utilitarian analysis weighs these  'results of an action on everyone affected by it' (De George, 2010, pg 44). Morality is concerned with creating good consequences, not having good intentions. One should do whatever will bring the utmost benefit to all of humanity. Morality guides people’s actions in order to create a better world. Bentham (1748–1832) is rightly considered the father of modern utilitarianism. He explained utility as the balance of pleasure and pain that a human being experiences (as cited in Binmore, n.d.). â€Å"The principle of utility . . . is that principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever according to the tendency which it appears to have to aug ment or diminish the happiness of the party whose interest is in question.† (Bentham Jeremy, B. E. 1748-1832). Bentham thought that entire morality could be derived from ‘enlightened self-interest’, and that a person who always acted for his own satisfaction in the long run, would always act rightly. However, there are critics of Bentham. ‘The good’ cannot be quantified or measured. Similarly, the notion or definition of ‘the good’ was extreme. At the same time, other considerations like human rights and justice, which are relevant, are ignored. John Stuart Mill said that happiness in not the same as pleasure. Man shared the lower quality ones with animals for e.g. food, water etc. The higher quality pleasures were unique to man and involved the higher faculties (Mill, 1863, Pg 11). He showed that utilitarianism was in sync with moral rules. Utilitarians ought not to calculate beforehand whether each action would maximize utility. Instead , following a general principle (under which a particular action falls) leads to happiness. Henry Sidgwick highlighted common sense morality, which is morality accepted by the majority without detailed thinking involved, in his book Method of Ethics (Crisp, 2000). He stated that not all principles of common sense morality are apparent. He was in favour of ethical hedonism according to which any action should produce the greatest amount of pleasure. He was of the opinion that no man should destroy his own happiness (Ibid).

Isaiah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Isaiah - Essay Example To illustrate, Isaiah is the outstanding proponent of justice we find in the Old Testament. What makes Isaiah different from others is his exceeding concern on political issues of Judea. He is the sole individual who advises the kings to rely on God’s infallible justice instead of seeking assistance from Assyria or Egypt in order to encounter the invaders. He interprets all foreign invasions as Yahweh’s interference that persuades his people to repent. According to him, sufferings and injustice will not prevail, instead only the eternal justice will sustain ultimately. He also condemned all sorts of social injustice like oppression of widows and orphans (Isaiah 1: 11-17), corruption and bribery (5:23), and disposition of the poor (5: 8-10). There was not even a single area of political or spiritual significance that he left out. He observed the pertaining discrepancy between actual religious beliefs and practices. â€Å"Is that what you call fasting; a day acceptable t o Yahweh?† (58:5) (cited in Gray, 2006, p.73). He convinced them of the fallacy of performing rituals with little understanding of the real virtue of justice. For instance, he asks, â€Å"What need have I of your sacrifices, says the lord, put your evil deeds away from my sight† (1:11). While comparing with other prophets, Isaiah can be called a political prophet for he had a key role in the political events of Judea between 740-681 BC. Amos and Jeremiah also focus on the injustice prevailing among the aristocrats whom they found greedy and unreasonably exploiting the poor. Jeremiah reminds them to be loyal to Yahweh otherwise inevitable punishment would come upon them as part of the divine justice (Jer: 1, 2). Jeremiah also predicts the Babylonian captivity which they would undergo to compensate their injustice (Jer: 27). The major injustice the prophets like Jeremiah, Amos and Josiah find with Israel was their

Presidential and Congressional Relationship Essay

Presidential and Congressional Relationship - Essay Example Influence includes the swaying ability especially of the leaders. The effect of a leader accompanies the leader’s ability to possess impacts on characters, progress or act of population or things and the impacts themselves. The success relates to the influence closely to determine the presidential authority. The differences between success and influence are critical for determination since the two aspects depends on each other. Among the populations in America and numerous parts of the world, influence normally comes after success. The president can only be considered successful after a series of accomplishments. This leaves the success as an evident factor based on the physical attainments of development. Success bears effects of creating the popularity in a leader and the rest of the congressional members would wish to associate with successful president. The preference of association with success is a common feature amongst the human. The character on the quest for success is borne amidst the human conscience with a notion that success is the only means of gaining authority. Success entails a number of elements for its merit and completion. Success is a virtue that lies in a leader’s intrapersonal traits. ... The success can attain man achievement with the involvement of flexibility in leadership. The agreement amongst the president, congress and the senate results into leadership success. Unlike success, influence operates on the impact. The outstanding difference between success and influence depends on the span through which each is accomplished and the necessities. Influence lies in the population reasoning on the president. The members of population include the legislature and the public at in unison. The president can prove of being influential after meriting the population and the fellow leaders gauging. America remains a significant country in the global scope since its leadership and the political systems are worlds concerns. Therefore, the influence of the American president is as well as the global influence. Influence determines the president’s authority and the ability to succeed in the legislative decisions. The above descriptions render the influence as a dependent f actor on success. Thus, success can result solely in the absence of influence contributing to their dissimilarity. Influence result from the people’s perceptions to the president. Influence also occurs as a result of the success. A critical question can emanate from the fact that a leader can be successful but not influential. The answer to this question lies on the differences between success and influence and the requirements of each. Success can result from the president’s achievement in only one 2perspective maybe triggering fundamental developments in the country. Influence demands more than a unidirectional achievement and can be attained through winning the confidence of the public and

The diary of Francis Seyton Essay Example for Free

The diary of Francis Seyton Essay One year hath passed, twelve months I have endured the backstabbing treachery of these troubled times, which are strange beyond all comprehension, and I but a humble servant am trapped inside a conflict of conscience and valour. Many things, all alien to me have I seen or heard, my mind is in turmoil should I believe what I see? Merely a week ago brave king Macbeth was pronounced unwell. When attending a banquet he was suggesting the iniquitous and muttering words dictated by Satan in a disturbing manner. Who would have thought? The king himself. When Macbeth was crowned I swore allegiance to him and his cause. Am I a servant of the devil? I fear so. My fears were accentuated when the most tragic and appalling incident transpired. For many weeks a doctor had been attending to lady Macbeth after a maid requested her attention as she was worried for the ladys well being. I was not informed of the reasoning behind the calling of the doctor but rumours were rife. With my mind a drift believing was not necessarily seeing and therefore I could not confirm any of the circulating gossip, which could so easily be false but just as easily true. I chose to postulate the rumour, actually closer to conspiracy theory of Macbeth and lady Macbeths plot to replace Duncan whether through fair play or not to become of a royal stature, influenced by satanical forces, which will eventually lead them to exasperation. I noticed lady Macbeths rather mystifying ritual of rubbing her hands together religiously as if to be washing the, scrubbing them of her sins to a degree, I passed her chamber a few days ago to hear her say: Heres the smell of blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand, oh, oh, oh! Foul whisperings were abroad, unnatural deeds do breed unnatural troubles; infected minds to their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets. With this and other accumulating evidence I put two and two together and came to a conclusion. Later that night I could not rest. A battle was underway in the depths of my mind, a bloody uproar against my murderous master. I could imagine only one way to rid me of the turbulent dreams distracting my sleep, to confront the demonic Queen and question her righteousness. I dressed myself in my finest robes, brilliant gold buttons and glistening silver laces, if I were to die tonight I would rather depart this ominous place presentably with self respect. I approached the chamber door, breathing erratically like the waves at sea in the most ferocious storm, crashing into my hull, untameable. The door lays ahead dare I go forth? I approach the point of no return, when I must pass through the gates of hell and conquer the foul creature Cerberus, Satans servant. The carvings on the door seem alive, the writhing serpents spitting venom, intimidating, driving me away. But I must prevail, I thrust forward grinding my teeth, clenching my fists, a raging sweat takes over my body, the adrenaline driving me toward. I fight back the serpents and place my hand on the chamber door. It is locked. I hear crying from within the room, which quietens down to a feeble murmur. I draw back and knock on the door, once, no reply, twice, silence, thrice, a blood curdling scream! Terror shoots through my veins like a galloping horse. Oh suck on my chocolate salty balls! Quickly I delve deep into my pocket and grasp my keys. Nervously I struggle to search through the brace and locate the key. Finally after what seemed like hours I set my hands on the key, and inserted it into the mortise lock. The key turned, another scream echoed through the corridor further emphasising my trepidation. I fear what lies ahead, could this be the end of my short-lived existence. I summon the curraige from the depths of my heart and continue to open the now unlocked door, the final stand lies ahead, I worry gravely but I know I must go forth. Upon opening the door I see nothing, darkness and the only thing I fear more is the light for what it may bring. Quietness now blankets the room an eerie darkness sends fear into the roots of my soul. I reach for the torch in the corner of the room, extinguished, sharing the same fate as lady Macbeth I fear. With my flint and tinderbox I strike and send a revealing light across the room. To my surprise I see the queen sat at her mirror, staring as if in a trance, vacant of reality. Preceding forward I notice makeup scattered over the floor, in a trail all the way to her seat. Looking at the mirror I see her reflection, a ruined figure with a pathetic look and makeup smudged by tears. I stop and ask myself have I the audacity to question her, I see her hurting I have reservations of whether I am insensitive enough. No, I cannot. Hoping I am unnoticed I turn, face the door and begin to walk away, regretting every stupid thought that entered my head, who am I to dispute the Queen? A mere Ill educated servant. My stupidity astounds me. I hear a sharp slicing sound from within the room, like the edge my razor, cutting the cheek as I shave in the morning, a sound that sends shivers through my spine. I turn and run towards the queen, I hear her wheezing through a self-inflicted mortal wound, leaking air, spewing blood in her throat, I hear her life escaping and quickly grasp her hand preventing her from falling from her chair. I hear her faint gargled voice trying to break through, drowning in her own blood. Tears begin to well in my eyes and a scream bursts forth from my mouth like a wolfs cry. Slowly the life in her escapes, she lies coughing, choking and I am helpless, unable to assist, I feel so worthless, where is help? For an eternity I stand with the queen dying in my arms. Blood covers the room in a viscous sheet, dark red, shining like a sheet of silk. I see the knife glinting in the dull light, blood stained on the floor, and the makeup on the queens face is ruined, ironic, what is on the outside has become what was on the inside, a broken woman. I hear footsteps, too late. As the queen draws her last breaths servants run into the room. They stand and stare at the bloody wreck of the queen and they too begin to cry, with their hands on their hearts, looking towards the floor it is obvious they are too late. Then without warning she exhales, her whole body becomes limp from head to toe, she is dead. I lift her from the chair and place her on her bed. I cannot stand to look at her pretty face stained with blood so I lift up the white sheet covering her bed and place it over her body. One of my colleagues faints and collapses on the floor, obviously overcome by the horror that fills the room. I know that eventually I must leave and give the disparaging news to my master; I fear he will not take it kindly.

The Soliloquies of Shakespeares Hamlet - To be or not to be Soliloquy

The â€Å"To be or not to be† Soliloquy in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   One soliloquy stands out above the others in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Of the seven soliloquies by the protagonist, the â€Å"To be or not to be† soliloquy is universally recognized as superior to the others. This essay considers this most famous soliloquy.    Marchette Chute in â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet† describes just how close the hero is to suicide while reciting his most famous soliloquy:      Hamlet enters, desperate enough by this time to be thinking of suicide. It seems to him that it would be such a sure way of escape from torment, just to cease existing, and he gives the famous speech on suicide that has never been worn thin by repetition. â€Å"To be, or not to be . . .† It would be easy to stop living.    To die, to sleep; No more. And by a sleep to say we end The heartache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to . . .    But Hamlet has never succeeded in deceiving himself, and he cannot do so now. . . . [He] will not . . . be able to kill himself. He has thought too much about it to be able to take any action. (39)    Considering the context of this most notable soliloquy, the speech appears to be a reaction from the determination which ended the â€Å"rogue and peasant slave† soliloquy. In fact, in the Quarto of 1603 the â€Å"To be† speech comes BEFORE the players’ scene and the nunnery scene – and is thus more logically positioned to show its emotional connection to the previous soliloquy (Nevo 46). Lawrence Danson in the essay â€Å"Tragic Alphabet† discusses the most famous of soliloquies as involving an â€Å"eternal dilemma†:      The problem of time’s discrediting effects upon human actions and intentions ... ...evin, Harry. â€Å"An Explication of the Player’s Speech.† Modern Critical Interpretations: Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Rpt. from The Question of Hamlet. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959.    Nevo, Ruth. â€Å"Acts III and IV: Problems of Text and Staging.† Modern Critical Interpretations: Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Rpt. from Tragic Form in Shakespeare. N.p.: Princeton University Press, 1972.    Rosenberg, Marvin. â€Å"Laertes: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html   

Equal participation of women in all fields Essay

If you are educating a women, you are educating a whole family. In today’s world equal participation of women in all fields has become very important. Now we cannot say that women can’t do anything that the men can do and in such a world where women can do whatever they want to. Nobody can stop them. For example today’s women are joining army,taking part in business, stock markets and what not and the most amazing thing about women are that they are multitalented BUT SOME PEOPLE DO NOT ALLOW WOMEN TO PROGRESS AND VIOLET THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. SUCH PEOPLE HAVE NARROW THINKING. Liberation OF WOMEN HAS TAKEN A LOT OF TIME BUT IT IS NOT COMPLETED. As per the statistics data, Literacy rate increased from 8% to 55% from 1971 to 2001, work & employment increased from 14% to 40% In administrative and political area only 10 -12%. Only 3% of Judges are women This is not enough. What is hindering equal opportunity? Managing home and work   Social Evils . Ignorance or Lack of Awareness & Safety What is the solution? Education, Empowerment and Enforcement. Develop from childhood .Introduce stringent laws and enforcement Provide Better Transport and Working conditions Women play a critical role in the overall progress of a country as they constitute half the human resources of a nation. The economic wealth of a country is seriously depleted if about half of the nation’s human resource is neglected .

Dehumanization: Marxism and Modern Era Essay

Dehumanization is the process of stripping away or denying other’s access to basic human qualities or rights. An ideal society would be free of this inequality, however, during the modern era, encouraged by capitalism and free competition, it is difficult to maintain complete equality and fairness. In fact, three books from the reading list, Marx’s Communist Manifesto, Sumner’s essay, What the Social Classes Owe to Each Other, and Primo Levi’s tale of Survival at Auschwitz, truly illustrate how difficult ideas and cultural values of the era make it to eliminate dehumanization. Although, the situations presented in each of the book are very different, they mainly deal with the loss or diminishment of four basic human qualities: the natural value in being human, the uniqueness of the individual, the freedom to act and make decisions, and the equality of status. This paper will analyze not only how these qualities were diminished in each of the cases in the m odern era but also look to see if dehumanization was resisted. Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx, attempts to explain the goals of Communism as well as the theories underlying this movement. It argues that class struggle, or the exploitation of one class by another, have been occurring for generations. Marx quotes, â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing society [has been] the history of class struggles† (79). Class relationships are defined by an era’s means of production. However, However, eventually these relationships cease to be compatible with the developing forces of production. At this point, a revolution occurs and a new class emerges as the ruling one. Specifically, the Modern industrial era is characterized by the class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisie consisted of employers of laborers or the owners of the means of production. The proletariat represented the wage laborers and they were dehumanized. In fact, the bourgeoisie violated all four of the main human qualities list ed in the introduction. Firs, the fact that there was an economically based class system indicated inequality in status. Second, since the bourgeoisie class employed the proletariat thereby controlling the action and decision of the lower class. Third, the bourgeoisie in he modern era clumped the entire proletariat class together and considered them mere laborers, Fourth, Marx believed that wage laborers working with machinery dehumanized the worker. Human values were diminished since laboring class could be easily replaced by machinery in some instances for more efficiency. Any one of these violations alone can stand as mere inequality; however, when many more of these violations get stacked, inequality becomes a form of dehumanization. Therefore, as production demand increased, the exploitation by the bourgeoisie class of the proletariat class increased. Eventually, this would anger the proletariat class enough to start a revolution and overthrow the bourgeoisie. Marx wrote, â€Å"[The bourgeoisie] is unfit to rule because it is incompetent to assure an existence to its slave within his slavery, because it cannot help letting him sink into such a state, that it has to feed him, instead of being fed by him. Society can no longer live under this bourgeoisie, in other words, its existence is no longer compatible with society† (93). This uprising would be the Proletariat’s form of resistance against dehumanization. However, unlike previous revolution, where powers simply shifted from one class to another, Marx predicts that class will be eliminated altogether and a truly equal and fair state would emerge. Readers can’t help but feel skeptical while reading Marx’s theory due to the â€Å"dictators† present in current day communist countries. However, it is important to know that these current day communist countries only got influenced by Marx’s ideal but did no fully carry out his theoretical society. What the Social Classes Owe to Each Other William Graham Sumner was influenced by Social Darwinists and argued in his writing that helping the poor would only interfere with laws of nature and slow down evolutionary progression. In fact, Sumner argued that a â€Å"poor† or a â€Å"weak† person were merely lazy and they did not exist. Therefore Sumner wrote, â€Å"A maudlin impulse to prolong the lives of the unfit stands in the way of this beneficent purging of the social organism† (45). He would further defend about not giving by writing, â€Å"we all owe to each other good-will, mutual respect, and mutual guarantees of liberty and security. Beyond this nothing can be affirmed as a duty of one group to another in a free state† (49). In addition, he believed that if was unfair how â€Å"if the rich, comfortable, prosperous, virtuous, respectable, educated, and healthy cannot make everybody else as well off as themselves, they are to be brought down to the same misery as others† (62). In another words, Sumner did not think it was fair how the rich were expected to help the poor, and if not was possibly penalized. Unlike the Marx’s Manifesto, the opposing classes are not clearly defined. However, it is still assumed from Sumner’s writing that Sumner values some life over another. For example, when he writes, â€Å"society is constantly excreting its unhealthy, imbecile, slow, vacillating, faithless members to leave room for the deserving† (45). With this remark, and many others similar to it, Sumner dehumanizes people who did not succeed. While, a positive message is being sent by Sumner in a way by encouraging citizens to work hard, Sumner is inconsiderate of those who like the proletariats, have no control over their life due to greedy overbearing employers. The only option that Sumner gives to resist the dehumanization is to keep working hard and do not accept defeat. Survival at Auschwitz Many have heard the accounts of the holocaust before in history class or in other books on the subject; however Levi truly does an excellent job giving the readers detailed glimpse into what it really is like to go from being a free human being, then being stripped down to nothing. His intention for the book was not â€Å"to formulate new accusations [but] rather to furnish documentation for a quiet study of certain aspects of the human mind† (9). This book demonstrates dehumanization at its worst. It was established in the introduction that often times Men and women were treated like animals while getting dehumanized. Yet, the people at Auschwitz were actually getting treated worse than livestock. This is because with livestock at least they were somewhat cared for before they were killed, and even if they weren’t they were killed to serve a higher purpose. On the other hand, the prisoners at the concentration camps were starved, killed, and then deserted. Unlike the other two books, this book contains so much elements of dehumanization that no amount of pages would be enough to capture it all; however, it is important to draw from this book also how people have truly used every inch of their will power to try and maintain their self-value. How did the prisoners resist the urge to admit defeat and continue resist dehumanization? How did they when even â€Å"ordinary moral world† (86) like â€Å"good,† and â€Å"evil begin to get mixed up and the differences between these opposites became unclear? Levi present a man in his story, who may have been physically reduced but who is an insane man and â€Å"a survivor, the most adaptable, the human type most suited to this way of living† (97). Portrayed by this insane man, Elias is a strong message that morals and self-value can adapt and survive even in the most extreme situation. Conclusion Based on the scenarios presented by the three books, and personal understanding of dehumanization, I believe it cannot be absent in modern era society. The degree to which dehumanization can occur is extremely varied, and while we can hope and wait for it to merely pass by, it is better to act. Try to resist dehumanization as much as can, as Levi’s character Elias demonstrated, with strong will power and determination, there are so much we can achieve. Perhaps, while we may not be able to eliminate several factors of unfairness or inequality, we can still treat people with respect and at least eliminate dehumanization.

The Supreme Court of New Zealand essays

The Supreme Court of New Zealand essays On the first of January, 2004, New Zealand introduced a new court system, establishing a Wellington based Supreme Court to replace the London based Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The new court will stand as the final appellate court in the New Zealand judicial system, with its judges and separate premises, sitting above the Court of Appeal. Arguments for and against the retention of appeals to the Privy Council have been well highlighted by the New Zealand media. They have raised important questions about whether the new system of appeals in New Zealand should have been put in place, and since its introduction how will it be structured and run, now that the link to the Privy Council has been abolished. I will elaborate on these arguments and perceptions comparing the different positions people have taken and discuss how the system will work and what sections of the new court could be structured better in the opinion of the references used. Chief Justice Dame Sian Elias, as the head of the New Zealand judiciary, heads the court and will normally be the presiding judge. There have been four other permanent judges, also appointed from within the New Zealand judiciary, Justices Thomas Gault, Sir Kenneth Keith, Peter Blanchard and Andrew Tipping. The selection and appointment of the judges have fuelled a debate about the risk of appointments to the Supreme Court is politically influenced. The perception is that the judges through the Courts work could inflict the perspective of the present Labour government, whereas it is common knowledge that there have been no political problems with New Zealand citizens appealing to the Privy Council. These accusations are well deserved because when looking into the newly appointed Judges history it is revealed that two of the five are de facto supporters of Labour's social democratic platform. Dame Sian Elias has worked for many years as an advocate in the Maori grievance industry. Si r Kenn...

Is legal pluralism incompatible with the human rights An analysis of Essay

Is legal pluralism incompatible with the human rights An analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to Turkey - Essay Example What constitutes an inalienable right on the part of one ethnic group might for example, be repugnant in the context of moral standards that are held to be the ideal by another cultural group. Nowhere is this more evident that Islam, where religious precepts based on Sharia may in some instances, contravene the principles underlying human rights and liberty, as conceived in the Western world. The decision of the European Court of justice in the case of Welfare Party v Turkey1 appears to support the conclusion that the protection of human rights may in some instances, take precedence over the preservation of religious and cultural diversity. The question that rises in this context is whether universal human rights are essentially incompatible with legal pluralism? The concept of universal human rights raises the issue of a controversy in the relationship between (a) institutionalization of religion in the State through religious beliefs or practices versus human rights norms.2 This st udy will examine whether universal human rights could be compatible with maintenance of religious and cultural diversity. Those advocating universality claim that international human rights â€Å"are and must be the same everywhere†, just like the rights to equal protection, physical security, rights to freedom of speech, expression and religion and the right to a fair trial3. As pointed out by Donnelly, human rights on a world wide basis are irrevocably tied to claims of universality4. Human rights, if taken literally, are understood to be the rights one has simply because one is human. On this basis, rights accruing to every individual must of necessity be equal rights, because everyone is human, and these rights would be inalienable, because they are associated with the human state. On this basis, basic human rights can be seen to be

Representation of war in media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Representation of war in media - Essay Example The media is said to assume a dichotomous coverage of the war where the conflicting sides are portrayed either as good/evil, innocent/guilty, heroic/despotic, united/fragmented and other descriptions that tends to put one side on the positive light and assassinate the character of the other. (Martin, 1993) This paper seeks to analyze the film Jarhead with regards to the way it represents war. I will be laying out the relevant concepts by providing a historical context thru the use of two other films namely Platoon and the Green Berets. I will then proceed into a contextual analysis of the Jarhead film and illustrate its significance thru the application of the audience theory. It is hoped that this paper could show how the media can affect the psyche of the audience with regards to war and conflict. According to Martin and Pedro (2006), author of the book Rethinking Global Security: Media, Popular Culture, and the War on Terror, the utilization of the media for the war effort has been one of the focus of PSYOPS which is an integral part of modern military affairs. This can come in the form of using printed leaflets, radio and television broadcast and even internet press release all of which try to persuade enemy combatants to surrender peacefully and avoid further harm. The use of the media is not directed towards enemy combatants alone, they are also directed towards the populace of the projected protagonist side. Slater (1991) relates that military officials have long recognized the benefits of using the film industry to influence public opinion due to its wide reach and popularity. In the United States, the Pentagon has a special department called film liaison office that works with Hollywood in making war movies. The relationship is as follows: Hollywood gets to use military equipment such as tanks, helicopters, aircraft carriers, troops and even live munitions for free. In return, the Pentagon is given the right to approve the script and edit it so that the U.S. military is portrayed in a positive light while the enemies are depicted as evil and abusive. The relationship has other uses as well such as propaganda for recruitment. Martin and Pedro (2006) observe that the military "know that when positive images are portrayed in movies and television shows, they see huge spikes in recruitment. The military is really pressing to get into these pictures". 2.2 The Green Beret and the Vietnam War One perfect example of how the military establishment and the film industry worked together for propaganda purposes was in the film The Green Berets which was a cinematic portrayal of the lives of U.S. soldiers during the Vietnam War. The cinematic treatment of the Vietnam War took time to develop because American society was very sensitive about the discussing the war which created deep divisions, exhausted the treasury and sacrificed many of its soldiers but ultimately resulted to their defeat in spite of numerous successful military campaigns. It does not mean, however, that there was no film produced during the war. (Studlar and Desser, 1990) The Green Berets (1968) was the only film addressing the Vietnam War produced while the war occurred. The film was directed by and starred John Wayne,